There is a strong interest in citizenship education across society, politics and science. While Dutch pupils place great value on democratic norms, their knowledge of this matter is relatively poor compared with other countries. There is also a greater disparity in citizenship knowledge in the Netherlands than in other countries. Many schools and teachers are looking for suitable ways of incorporating citizenship into their classes. The basic operational mechanisms of citizenship education are generally known. However, not much research has been conducted into more specific ways of making an effective contribution to citizenship among pupils.