Community-Based Treatment of Families with Adolescents with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (Level 1): Two Single Case Experimental Design Studies on the Effects of Multisystemic Therapy

Background
Families of adolescents with severe behavior problems and an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) level 1 may experience a variety of problems in their functioning. Research suggests that these problems across multiple life areas are best treated with intensive, flexible, and home-based treatment such as Multisystemic Therapy (MST). However, little is known about the treatment results of MST for families of autistic adolescents. OBJECTIVE: In two Single Case Experimental Design (SCED) studies (N = 14 families), the treatment outcomes and effects of MST were assessed.

Methods
An observational AB study design was employed. Families receiving treatment as part of two cohorts were asked to participate in the two studies.

Results
Overall, some positive changes were observed during MST treatment. Of 22 parents, 8 parents showed significant improvement based on the Reliable Change Index. Tau-U analyses used in both studies reveal that there was little evidence of treatment effect, despite families reporting positive experiences with treatment during interviews. A meta-analysis of Tau-U scores revealed no overall effect for the total study population and a small effect for mothers.

Conclusions
Little treatment effect was observed in these SCED studies. When changes or effects were observed following MST treatment, these tended to be positive. To reach firmer conclusions, a larger and more robust study would be needed. More research is also needed to attain a better understanding of how to best support families of young autistic people.