Efficacy of progressive resistance training intensities and adequate dietary protein intake for community-dwelling frail older adults (TEAMS study), protocol for a randomised controlled trial

M.  Benali; J.  van den Helder; E.J.M.  Biersteker; J.D.  Schoufour; P.J.M.  Weijs; M. Tieland

doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06209-9

Efficacy of progressive resistance training intensities and adequate dietary protein intake for community-dwelling frail older adults (TEAMS study), protocol for a randomised controlled trial

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Abstract

Background
Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) and adequate dietary protein are crucial for preventing and managing sarcopenia and frailty in older adults. To date, the optimal intensity of PRT and the added value of dietary protein for enhancing muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in frail older adults remain unclear. This randomised controlled trial aims to determine the efficacy of various PRT intensities and adequate dietary protein intake in improving muscle mass, strength and physical performance in frail, community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
This study is a two-step randomised clinical trial involving 300 frail older adults. Participants will engage in a 12-week PRT twice weekly. Initially, participants will be randomised to specific training intensities, ranging from 20 to 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM). Subsequently, participants will be further randomised into two groups: an intervention group receiving a dietary intervention targeting a daily protein intake of 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day (PRT-Pro), and a control group with no dietary intervention (PRT-only). The dietary protein intervention will include counselling sessions and the provision of protein-rich foods.

Discussion
This study aims to elucidate the effect of various PRT intensities and the supplementary effects of adequate dietary protein intake on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in frail older adults. The results will provide critical insights for scientists and healthcare professionals, facilitating the development of more effective strategies to combat sarcopenia and frailty in this population.

Trial registration
The trial is registered at the ICTRP (OMON trial ID NL8785).

Original language	English
Article number	609
Number of pages	11
Journal	BMC Geriatrics
Volume	25
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06209-9
Publication status	Published - Dec 2025

Funding

The TEAMS study is primarily funded by the Taskforce for Applied Research SIA, part of the Dutch Research Council (NWO), grant number RAAK.PRO03.062. Additional support has been provided by Carezzo Nutrition BV and Fonterra through both in-kind and cash contributions. These supporting entities have no influence on the study’s design, analysis, or publication.

Funders	Funder number
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Regieorgaan Praktijkgericht Onderzoek SIA
Carezzo Nutrition BV
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	RAAK.PRO03.062

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Benali, M., van den Helder, J., Biersteker, E. J. M., Schoufour, J. D., Weijs, P. J. M., & Tieland, M. (2025). Efficacy of progressive resistance training intensities and adequate dietary protein intake for community-dwelling frail older adults (TEAMS study), protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics, 25(1), Article 609. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06209-9

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title = "Efficacy of progressive resistance training intensities and adequate dietary protein intake for community-dwelling frail older adults (TEAMS study), protocol for a randomised controlled trial",

abstract = "Background Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) and adequate dietary protein are crucial for preventing and managing sarcopenia and frailty in older adults. To date, the optimal intensity of PRT and the added value of dietary protein for enhancing muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in frail older adults remain unclear. This randomised controlled trial aims to determine the efficacy of various PRT intensities and adequate dietary protein intake in improving muscle mass, strength and physical performance in frail, community-dwelling older adults. Methods This study is a two-step randomised clinical trial involving 300 frail older adults. Participants will engage in a 12-week PRT twice weekly. Initially, participants will be randomised to specific training intensities, ranging from 20 to 80\% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM). Subsequently, participants will be further randomised into two groups: an intervention group receiving a dietary intervention targeting a daily protein intake of 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day (PRT-Pro), and a control group with no dietary intervention (PRT-only). The dietary protein intervention will include counselling sessions and the provision of protein-rich foods. Discussion This study aims to elucidate the effect of various PRT intensities and the supplementary effects of adequate dietary protein intake on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in frail older adults. The results will provide critical insights for scientists and healthcare professionals, facilitating the development of more effective strategies to combat sarcopenia and frailty in this population. Trial registration The trial is registered at the ICTRP (OMON trial ID NL8785).",

keywords = "Frailty, Sarcopenia, Resistance exercise, Protein intake, Ageing",

author = "M. Benali and \{van den Helder\}, J. and E.J.M. Biersteker and J.D. Schoufour and P.J.M. Weijs and M. Tieland",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1186/s12877-025-06209-9",

language = "English",

volume = "25",

journal = "BMC Geriatrics",

issn = "1471-2318",

publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

Efficacy of progressive resistance training intensities and adequate dietary protein intake for community-dwelling frail older adults (TEAMS study), protocol for a randomised controlled trial. / Benali, M. ; van den Helder, J. ; Biersteker, E.J.M. et al.
In: BMC Geriatrics, Vol. 25, No. 1, 609, 12.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Efficacy of progressive resistance training intensities and adequate dietary protein intake for community-dwelling frail older adults (TEAMS study), protocol for a randomised controlled trial

AU - Benali, M.

AU - van den Helder, J.

AU - Biersteker, E.J.M.

AU - Schoufour, J.D.

AU - Weijs, P.J.M.

AU - Tieland, M.

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - Background Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) and adequate dietary protein are crucial for preventing and managing sarcopenia and frailty in older adults. To date, the optimal intensity of PRT and the added value of dietary protein for enhancing muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in frail older adults remain unclear. This randomised controlled trial aims to determine the efficacy of various PRT intensities and adequate dietary protein intake in improving muscle mass, strength and physical performance in frail, community-dwelling older adults. Methods This study is a two-step randomised clinical trial involving 300 frail older adults. Participants will engage in a 12-week PRT twice weekly. Initially, participants will be randomised to specific training intensities, ranging from 20 to 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM). Subsequently, participants will be further randomised into two groups: an intervention group receiving a dietary intervention targeting a daily protein intake of 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day (PRT-Pro), and a control group with no dietary intervention (PRT-only). The dietary protein intervention will include counselling sessions and the provision of protein-rich foods. Discussion This study aims to elucidate the effect of various PRT intensities and the supplementary effects of adequate dietary protein intake on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in frail older adults. The results will provide critical insights for scientists and healthcare professionals, facilitating the development of more effective strategies to combat sarcopenia and frailty in this population. Trial registration The trial is registered at the ICTRP (OMON trial ID NL8785).

AB - Background Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) and adequate dietary protein are crucial for preventing and managing sarcopenia and frailty in older adults. To date, the optimal intensity of PRT and the added value of dietary protein for enhancing muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in frail older adults remain unclear. This randomised controlled trial aims to determine the efficacy of various PRT intensities and adequate dietary protein intake in improving muscle mass, strength and physical performance in frail, community-dwelling older adults. Methods This study is a two-step randomised clinical trial involving 300 frail older adults. Participants will engage in a 12-week PRT twice weekly. Initially, participants will be randomised to specific training intensities, ranging from 20 to 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM). Subsequently, participants will be further randomised into two groups: an intervention group receiving a dietary intervention targeting a daily protein intake of 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day (PRT-Pro), and a control group with no dietary intervention (PRT-only). The dietary protein intervention will include counselling sessions and the provision of protein-rich foods. Discussion This study aims to elucidate the effect of various PRT intensities and the supplementary effects of adequate dietary protein intake on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in frail older adults. The results will provide critical insights for scientists and healthcare professionals, facilitating the development of more effective strategies to combat sarcopenia and frailty in this population. Trial registration The trial is registered at the ICTRP (OMON trial ID NL8785).

KW - Frailty

KW - Sarcopenia

KW - Resistance exercise

KW - Protein intake

KW - Ageing

U2 - 10.1186/s12877-025-06209-9

DO - 10.1186/s12877-025-06209-9

M3 - Article

C2 - 40783689

SN - 1471-2318

VL - 25

JO - BMC Geriatrics

JF - BMC Geriatrics

IS - 1

M1 - 609

ER -

Efficacy of progressive resistance training intensities and adequate dietary protein intake for community-dwelling frail older adults (TEAMS study), protocol for a randomised controlled trial

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