TY - JOUR
T1 - Shape Morphing of 4D-Printed Polylactic Acid Structures under Thermal Stimuli
T2 - 13th EASN International Conference on Innovation in Aviation and Space for Opening New Horizons
AU - Kostopoulos, Grigorios
AU - Stamoulis, Konstantinos
AU - Lappas, Vaios
AU - Georgantzinos, Stelios K.
N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue 13th EASN International Conference on Innovation in Aviation and Space for Opening New Horizons.
PY - 2024/2
Y1 - 2024/2
N2 - This study explores the shape-morphing behavior of 4D-printed structures made from Polylactic Acid (PLA), a prominent bio-sourced shape-memory polymer. Focusing on the response of these structures to thermal stimuli, this research investigates how various printing parameters influence their morphing capabilities. The experimental approach integrates design and slicing, printing using fused deposition modeling (FDM), and a post-printing activation phase in a controlled laboratory environment. This process aims to replicate the external stimuli that induce shape morphing, highlighting the dynamic potential of 4D printing. Utilizing Taguchi’s Design of Experiments (DoE), this study examines the effects of printing speed, layer height, layer width, nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and activation temperature on the morphing behavior. The analysis includes precise measurements of deformation parameters, providing a comprehensive understanding of the morphing process. Regression models demonstrate strong correlations with observed data, suggesting their effectiveness in predicting responses based on control parameters. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) modeling successfully predicts the performance of these structures, validating its application as a design tool in 4D printing. This research contributes to the understanding of 4D printing dynamics and offers insights for optimizing printing processes to harness the full potential of shape-morphing materials. It sets a foundation for future research, particularly in exploring the relationship between printing parameters and the functional capabilities of 4D-printed structures.
AB - This study explores the shape-morphing behavior of 4D-printed structures made from Polylactic Acid (PLA), a prominent bio-sourced shape-memory polymer. Focusing on the response of these structures to thermal stimuli, this research investigates how various printing parameters influence their morphing capabilities. The experimental approach integrates design and slicing, printing using fused deposition modeling (FDM), and a post-printing activation phase in a controlled laboratory environment. This process aims to replicate the external stimuli that induce shape morphing, highlighting the dynamic potential of 4D printing. Utilizing Taguchi’s Design of Experiments (DoE), this study examines the effects of printing speed, layer height, layer width, nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and activation temperature on the morphing behavior. The analysis includes precise measurements of deformation parameters, providing a comprehensive understanding of the morphing process. Regression models demonstrate strong correlations with observed data, suggesting their effectiveness in predicting responses based on control parameters. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) modeling successfully predicts the performance of these structures, validating its application as a design tool in 4D printing. This research contributes to the understanding of 4D printing dynamics and offers insights for optimizing printing processes to harness the full potential of shape-morphing materials. It sets a foundation for future research, particularly in exploring the relationship between printing parameters and the functional capabilities of 4D-printed structures.
KW - 4D printing
KW - additive manufacturing
KW - design of experiments
KW - finite element analysis
KW - PLA
KW - printing parameters
KW - shape morphing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85185692994&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/aerospace11020134
DO - 10.3390/aerospace11020134
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85185692994
SN - 2226-4310
VL - 11
JO - Aerospace
JF - Aerospace
IS - 2
M1 - 134
Y2 - 5 September 2023 through 8 September 2023
ER -