Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries

Annemieke Benschop; Róbert Urbán; Máté Kapitány-Fövény; Marie Claire Van Hout; Katarzyna Dąbrowska; Katalin Felvinczi; Evelyn Hearne; Susana Henriques; Zsuzsa Kaló; Gerrit Kamphausen; Joana Paula Silva; Łukasz Wieczorek; Bernd Werse; Michal Bujalski; Dirk Korf; Zsolt Demetrovics

doi:10.1177/0269881120904951

Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries

Annemieke Benschop, Róbert Urbán, Máté Kapitány-Fövény, Marie Claire Van Hout, Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Katalin Felvinczi, Evelyn Hearne, Susana Henriques, Zsuzsa Kaló, Gerrit Kamphausen, Joana Paula Silva, Łukasz Wieczorek, Bernd Werse, Michal Bujalski, Dirk Korf, Zsolt Demetrovics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measures. The aim of this study was (i) to develop and cross-culturally validate the New Psychoactive Substance Use Motives Measure (NPSMM) and (ii) to compare motives of NPS use across countries and user types.

METHODS: Three subgroups (socially marginalised users, nightlife attendees and members of online communities) of NPS users (N = 3023) were recruited from six EU member countries. Demographics, motives and types of NPS used were assessed. NPS use motives were measured by adapting the extended six-factor version of the Marijuana Motives Measure.

RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a similar five-factor solution across most of the countries: coping, enhancement, social, conformity and expansion motives. Marginalised users scored higher on coping and conformity motives, nightlife groups showed higher endorsement of social motive, whereas online community users showed higher scores on expansion motives. Various types of NPS were also associated with different motives.

CONCLUSION: NPS use motives might be associated with both the groups of users and the specific types of NPS being consumed. Expansion (psychedelics) and enhancement (stimulants) motives seemed to be linked to the chosen NPS product type, while coping, social and conformity motives were rather associated with user groups. NPSMM was found to be a valid instrument to measure NPS motives.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	600-611
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
Volume	34
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120904951
Publication status	Published - Jun 2020
Externally published	Yes

Access to Document

10.1177/0269881120904951

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this

Benschop, A., Urbán, R., Kapitány-Fövény, M., Van Hout, M. C., Dąbrowska, K., Felvinczi, K., Hearne, E., Henriques, S., Kaló, Z., Kamphausen, G., Silva, J. P., Wieczorek, Ł., Werse, B., Bujalski, M., Korf, D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020). Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 34(6), 600-611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120904951

Benschop, Annemieke ; Urbán, Róbert ; Kapitány-Fövény, Máté ; Van Hout, Marie Claire ; Dąbrowska, Katarzyna ; Felvinczi, Katalin ; Hearne, Evelyn ; Henriques, Susana ; Kaló, Zsuzsa ; Kamphausen, Gerrit ; Silva, Joana Paula ; Wieczorek, Łukasz ; Werse, Bernd ; Bujalski, Michal ; Korf, Dirk ; Demetrovics, Zsolt. / Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries. In: Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2020 ; Vol. 34, No. 6. pp. 600-611.

@article{259dd9245a884303a346d242cc1332fd,

title = "Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measures. The aim of this study was (i) to develop and cross-culturally validate the New Psychoactive Substance Use Motives Measure (NPSMM) and (ii) to compare motives of NPS use across countries and user types.METHODS: Three subgroups (socially marginalised users, nightlife attendees and members of online communities) of NPS users (N = 3023) were recruited from six EU member countries. Demographics, motives and types of NPS used were assessed. NPS use motives were measured by adapting the extended six-factor version of the Marijuana Motives Measure.RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a similar five-factor solution across most of the countries: coping, enhancement, social, conformity and expansion motives. Marginalised users scored higher on coping and conformity motives, nightlife groups showed higher endorsement of social motive, whereas online community users showed higher scores on expansion motives. Various types of NPS were also associated with different motives.CONCLUSION: NPS use motives might be associated with both the groups of users and the specific types of NPS being consumed. Expansion (psychedelics) and enhancement (stimulants) motives seemed to be linked to the chosen NPS product type, while coping, social and conformity motives were rather associated with user groups. NPSMM was found to be a valid instrument to measure NPS motives.",

author = "Annemieke Benschop and R{\'o}bert Urb{\'a}n and M{\'a}t{\'e} Kapit{\'a}ny-F{\"o}v{\'e}ny and {Van Hout}, {Marie Claire} and Katarzyna D{\c a}browska and Katalin Felvinczi and Evelyn Hearne and Susana Henriques and Zsuzsa Kal{\'o} and Gerrit Kamphausen and Silva, {Joana Paula} and {\L}ukasz Wieczorek and Bernd Werse and Michal Bujalski and Dirk Korf and Zsolt Demetrovics",

year = "2020",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1177/0269881120904951",

language = "English",

volume = "34",

pages = "600--611",

journal = "Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)",

issn = "0269-8811",

publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",

number = "6",

}

Benschop, A, Urbán, R, Kapitány-Fövény, M, Van Hout, MC, Dąbrowska, K, Felvinczi, K, Hearne, E, Henriques, S, Kaló, Z, Kamphausen, G, Silva, JP, Wieczorek, Ł, Werse, B, Bujalski, M, Korf, D & Demetrovics, Z 2020, 'Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries', Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 600-611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120904951

Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries. / Benschop, Annemieke; Urbán, Róbert; Kapitány-Fövény, Máté; Van Hout, Marie Claire; Dąbrowska, Katarzyna; Felvinczi, Katalin; Hearne, Evelyn; Henriques, Susana; Kaló, Zsuzsa; Kamphausen, Gerrit; Silva, Joana Paula; Wieczorek, Łukasz; Werse, Bernd; Bujalski, Michal; Korf, Dirk; Demetrovics, Zsolt.

In: Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), Vol. 34, No. 6, 06.2020, p. 600-611.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries

AU - Benschop, Annemieke

AU - Urbán, Róbert

AU - Kapitány-Fövény, Máté

AU - Van Hout, Marie Claire

AU - Dąbrowska, Katarzyna

AU - Felvinczi, Katalin

AU - Hearne, Evelyn

AU - Henriques, Susana

AU - Kaló, Zsuzsa

AU - Kamphausen, Gerrit

AU - Silva, Joana Paula

AU - Wieczorek, Łukasz

AU - Werse, Bernd

AU - Bujalski, Michal

AU - Korf, Dirk

AU - Demetrovics, Zsolt

PY - 2020/6

Y1 - 2020/6

N2 - INTRODUCTION: New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measures. The aim of this study was (i) to develop and cross-culturally validate the New Psychoactive Substance Use Motives Measure (NPSMM) and (ii) to compare motives of NPS use across countries and user types.METHODS: Three subgroups (socially marginalised users, nightlife attendees and members of online communities) of NPS users (N = 3023) were recruited from six EU member countries. Demographics, motives and types of NPS used were assessed. NPS use motives were measured by adapting the extended six-factor version of the Marijuana Motives Measure.RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a similar five-factor solution across most of the countries: coping, enhancement, social, conformity and expansion motives. Marginalised users scored higher on coping and conformity motives, nightlife groups showed higher endorsement of social motive, whereas online community users showed higher scores on expansion motives. Various types of NPS were also associated with different motives.CONCLUSION: NPS use motives might be associated with both the groups of users and the specific types of NPS being consumed. Expansion (psychedelics) and enhancement (stimulants) motives seemed to be linked to the chosen NPS product type, while coping, social and conformity motives were rather associated with user groups. NPSMM was found to be a valid instrument to measure NPS motives.

AB - INTRODUCTION: New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measures. The aim of this study was (i) to develop and cross-culturally validate the New Psychoactive Substance Use Motives Measure (NPSMM) and (ii) to compare motives of NPS use across countries and user types.METHODS: Three subgroups (socially marginalised users, nightlife attendees and members of online communities) of NPS users (N = 3023) were recruited from six EU member countries. Demographics, motives and types of NPS used were assessed. NPS use motives were measured by adapting the extended six-factor version of the Marijuana Motives Measure.RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a similar five-factor solution across most of the countries: coping, enhancement, social, conformity and expansion motives. Marginalised users scored higher on coping and conformity motives, nightlife groups showed higher endorsement of social motive, whereas online community users showed higher scores on expansion motives. Various types of NPS were also associated with different motives.CONCLUSION: NPS use motives might be associated with both the groups of users and the specific types of NPS being consumed. Expansion (psychedelics) and enhancement (stimulants) motives seemed to be linked to the chosen NPS product type, while coping, social and conformity motives were rather associated with user groups. NPSMM was found to be a valid instrument to measure NPS motives.

U2 - 10.1177/0269881120904951

DO - 10.1177/0269881120904951

M3 - Article

C2 - 32043399

VL - 34

SP - 600

EP - 611

JO - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)

JF - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)

SN - 0269-8811

IS - 6

ER -